Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Affluent, abundant, plentiful: Describes a state of being full, rich, or overflowing, often in a positive sense. It implies a peak condition of development, vitality, or resources.
   • In full vigor, at its peak: Specifically used to describe physical strength, energy, or vitality that is at its most complete and powerful state.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Sức lực của ông ấy vẫn còn rất sung mãn. (His physical strength is still very vigorous / at its peak.)
  • Thời kỳ sung mãn của nền văn hóa đó đã để lại nhiều di sản. (The affluent/peak period of that culture left behind many legacies.)
  • Anh ấy có một trí tuệ sung mãn. (He has an abundant / fertile intellect.)

Advanced Usage

• "sung mãn sức sống": brimming with vitality, full of life force.
  • Người nghệ sĩ ấy vẫn sung mãn sức sống ở tuổi ngoài 70. (That artist is still brimming with vitality past the age of 70.)
• "thời kỳ sung mãn": the peak period, the golden age (of a culture, career, or life phase).
  • Đây là thời kỳ sung mãn nhất trong sự nghiệp sáng tác của bà. (This is the most prolific / peak period in her creative career.)

Variants and Related Words

• Sung túc (adj): Well-off, prosperous, comfortable (financially). While sung mãn focuses on abundance of qualities (strength, vitality), sung túc focuses on material abundance.
  • Gia đình họ sống một cuộc sống sung túc. (Their family lives a prosperous life.)
• Dồi dào (adj): Plentiful, abundant, copious. A more common synonym that can be used for both tangible (resources) and intangible (energy, ideas) things.
  • Nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên dồi dào. (Abundant natural resources.)
• Phong phú (adj): Rich, diverse, plentiful (often in variety).
  • Kinh nghiệm phong phú. (Rich/abundant experience.)

Synonyms

• Dồi dào: plentiful, abundant.
• Tràn đầy: brimming, overflowing.
• Cường tráng: robust, strong (physically).
• Hưng thịnh: prosperous, flourishing (for eras, civilizations).

Notes on Usage

• Tone and Register: Sung mãn carries a formal and slightly literary tone. It is more commonly found in written Vietnamese, literature, or formal descriptions rather than in everyday casual speech.
• Typical Contexts: It is most frequently used to describe:
  • Human vitality: Physical strength, mental energy, creative power (sức lực sung mãn, trí tuệ sung mãn).
  • Peak periods: The height or golden age of a historical era, cultural movement, or an individual's career (thời kỳ sung mãn).
• Archival Note: As indicated in the reference, the sense of "opulent" (referring to great wealth or luxury) is considered archaic in modern Vietnamese. The contemporary use centers on abundance of non-material qualities and peak states.

adj

1. affluent, abundant